Recent progresses in gene delivery-based bone tissue engineering

Abstract

Gene therapy has converged with bone engineering over the past decade, by which a variety of therapeutic genes have been delivered to stimulate bone repair. These genes can be administered via in vivo or ex vivo approach using either viral or nonviral vectors. This article reviews the fundamental aspects and recent progresses in the gene therapy-based bone engineering, with emphasis on the new genes, viral vectors and gene delivery approaches.

Keywords: AAV; ASCs; AcMNPV; AdBMP2; Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus; BMP; BMP-2; BMSCs; Bone; CT; CXC chemokine receptor-4; CXCR4; Cox-2; DBM; EC; ECM; EPCs; FGF-2; FLP; Frt; GAM; Gene delivery approach; Gene therapy; HIF-1α; IFN-γ; IL-6; LLP2A; MDSCs; MSCs; NZW; New Zealand White; PDGF; PET; RANKL; Regenerative medicine; SATB2; Sca-1; Stem cell; TGF-β; TLR-3; TNF-α; TRAP; Tissue engineering; VEGF; Viral vectors; adeno-associated virus; adenovirus expressing BMP-2; adipose-derived stem cells; bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells; bone morphogenetic protein; bone morphogenetic protein 2; computed tomography; cycloxygenase-2; demineralized bone matrix; endothelial cells; endothelial progenitor cells; extracellular matrix; fibroblast growth factor-2; flippase; flippase recognition target; gene activated matrix; hypoxia-inducible factor 1α; i.v.; iPSCs; induced pluripotent stem cells; interferon-γ; interleukin 6; intravenous; mesenchymal stem cells; miRNA; microRNA; muscle-derived stem cells; peptidomimetic ligand; platelet-derived growth factor; positron emission tomography; receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand; siRNA; small interfering RNA; special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2; stem cell antigen-1; tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase; toll-like receptor 3; transforming growth factor β; tumor necrosis factor-α; vascular endothelial growth factor.