Depressive pseudodementia is a major depressive disorder in which the cognitive deficits secondary to the affective disorder is so significant that clinicians are obliged to consider dementia as a differential diagnosis. The relationship between depression and dementia is complex and intricate. Even after depressive pseudodementia has remitted, certain cognitive deficits may persist and the risk of developing dementia increases. The concept of depressive pseudodementia continues to be useful in clinical practice in spite of its limitations.