Are regional habitat models useful at a local-scale? A case study of threatened and common insectivorous bats in South-Eastern Australia

PLoS One. 2013 Aug 19;8(8):e72420. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072420. eCollection 2013.

Abstract

Habitat modelling and predictive mapping are important tools for conservation planning, particularly for lesser known species such as many insectivorous bats. However, the scale at which modelling is undertaken can affect the predictive accuracy and restrict the use of the model at different scales. We assessed the validity of existing regional-scale habitat models at a local-scale and contrasted the habitat use of two morphologically similar species with differing conservation status (Mormopterus norfolkensis and Mormopterus species 2). We used negative binomial generalised linear models created from indices of activity and environmental variables collected from systematic acoustic surveys. We found that habitat type (based on vegetation community) best explained activity of both species, which were more active in floodplain areas, with most foraging activity recorded in the freshwater wetland habitat type. The threatened M. norfolkensis avoided urban areas, which contrasts with M. species 2 which occurred frequently in urban bushland. We found that the broad habitat types predicted from local-scale models were generally consistent with those from regional-scale models. However, threshold-dependent accuracy measures indicated a poor fit and we advise caution be applied when using the regional models at a fine scale, particularly when the consequences of false negatives or positives are severe. Additionally, our study illustrates that habitat type classifications can be important predictors and we suggest they are more practical for conservation than complex combinations of raw variables, as they are easily communicated to land managers.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Australia
  • Calibration
  • Chiroptera / physiology*
  • Ecosystem*
  • Endangered Species*
  • Feeding Behavior / physiology*
  • Geography
  • Models, Theoretical*
  • Reproducibility of Results

Grants and funding

Funding for this PhD project (A. McConville) was sourced from the following: The Tom Farrell Institute for the Environment; Donaldson Conservation Trust; Hunter-Central Rivers Catchment Management Authority; Royal Zoological Society of NSW (Ethel Mary Read Award); Wambo Coal Pty Ltd.; and Australian Geographic Society. B. Law is employed by Department Primary Industries (a government department). Whilst these organisations have generously provided funding for this research as part of an overall PhD, they have had no input into research design, direction, methodology or writing of this manuscript.