Contrary to the highly specialized epithelial cells of the mammalian auditory organ, little is known about the surrounding cells and, in particular, Boettcher's cells (BC). Our morphological studies show that, in rats, these cells began their differentiation around postnatal day 8 (P8) reaching maturity around P20, when they are completely covered by Hensen's and Claudius' cells. Tight junctions were noted near the apex of BC, providing that they were in direct contact with the endolymphatic space, between approximately P8 and P16. We observed gap junctions between BC and adjacent cells before the end of the covering process suggesting the additional involvement of BC in potassium recycling into the endolymph. Adherens junctions were also seen between BC throughout their maturation. Importantly, we noticed cytoplasmic secretory granules and an accumulated material, probably a secretion, in the intercellular space, between P8 and P25. These results indicate that BC could basally take part in the secretion of the extracellular matrix of the basilar membrane. Finally, we show that the basolateral interdigitations of BC are longer and more tighlty grouped at maturity and harbour urea transporters as early as P18. Our observations thus support the view that BC perform several functions.