Hits and misses: screening commercial drivers for obstructive sleep apnea using guidelines recommended by a joint task force

J Occup Environ Med. 2013 Sep;55(9):1035-40. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e318298fb0e.

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate joint task force criteria-based screening for severe obstructive sleep apnea (s-OSA) in commercial drivers.

Methods: Among a community-based cohort of licensed commercial vehicle drivers, we assessed utility of the joint task force criteria. We conducted full, 14-channel overnight polysomnography in all drivers, defining s-OSA as an apnea-hypopnea index of 30 or more per hour.

Results: One hundred of 104 drivers with successful polysomnography studies were predominantly obese (median body mass index = 32.8 kg/m; interquartile range = 26.8 to 37.4) and had a median apnea-hypopnea index of 20.6 per hour (interquartile range = 10.0 to 34.2). Examination-based criteria were more effective (sensitivity = 80%; negative posttest probability [nPTP] = 17%) than symptom-based criteria (sensitivity = 63%; nPTP = 23%). Examination and symptom-based criteria combined had high sensitivity (97%) and low nPTP (7%), but poor specificity (19%).

Conclusions: Examination-based criteria missed 20% of s-OSA cases. Combining examination with confidentially reported symptoms improved sensitivity but required confirmatory polysomnography in 86%, supporting universal screening of all drivers.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Advisory Committees
  • Aged
  • Automobile Driving*
  • Body Mass Index
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Mass Screening / methods*
  • Middle Aged
  • Obesity / complications
  • Obesity / diagnosis
  • Occupational Diseases / diagnosis*
  • Occupational Diseases / epidemiology
  • Occupational Diseases / etiology
  • Pennsylvania / epidemiology
  • Physical Examination*
  • Polysomnography*
  • Practice Guidelines as Topic
  • Prevalence
  • Prospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Self Report
  • Sensitivity and Specificity
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Single-Blind Method
  • Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / diagnosis*
  • Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / epidemiology
  • Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / etiology
  • Young Adult