Microsporidia are getting more recognized as causative organism of ocular, gastrointestinal, renal, pulmonary, and sinus diseases, in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients. Ocular microsporidiosis can be isolated or may present as part of systemic infection. Recent reports showed increasing number of cases of ocular microsporidiosis in immunocompetent individuals. The ocular type occurs mainly in two forms: keratoconjunctivitis form which is mostly seen in immunocompromised individuals and stromal keratitis form seen in immunocompetent individuals. The ocular cases which present with superficial keratitis in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients differ from the cases seen in immunocompetent individuals which present mainly as deep stromal keratitis. We are presenting the only two documented cases of microsporidial keratitis diagnosed over 25 years of practice in our institution. The cases are diagnosed by identification of the Acid-fast organisms. Ultrastructure and additional information on species identification in one of the cases. Both cases are eventually managed by therapeutic PKP. Diagnosis and treatment modalities are discussed based on a comprehensive literature review.
Keywords: Keratoconjunctivitis; Microsporidia; Stromal keratitis.