Dicopper(II) and dizinc(II) complexes with nonsymmetric dinucleating ligands based on indolo[3,2-c]quinolines: synthesis, structure, cytotoxicity, and intracellular distribution

Inorg Chem. 2013 Sep 3;52(17):10137-46. doi: 10.1021/ic401573d. Epub 2013 Aug 16.

Abstract

Dicopper(II) and dizinc(II) complexes [Cu2((MeOOC)L(COO))(CH3COO)2] (1) and [Zn2((MeOOC)L(COO))(CH3COO)2] (2) were synthesized by reaction of Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O and Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O with a new nonsymmetric dinucleating ligand (EtOOC)HL(COOEt) prepared by condensation of 6-hydrazinyl-11H-indolo[3,2-c]quinoline with diethyl-2,2'-((3-formyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)azanediyl)diacetate. The design and synthesis of this elaborate ligand was performed with the aim of increasing the aqueous solubility of indolo[3,2-c]quinolines, known as biologically active compounds, and investigating the antiproliferative activity in human cancer cell lines and the cellular distribution by exploring the intrinsic fluorescence of the indoloquinoline scaffold. The compounds have been comprehensively characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopic methods (IR, UV-vis, (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy), ESI mass spectrometry, magnetic susceptibility measurements, and UV-vis complex formation studies (for 1) as well as by X-ray crystallography (1 and 2). The antiproliferative activity of (EtOOC)HL(COOEt), 1, and 2 was determined by the MTT assay in three human cancer cell lines, namely, A549 (nonsmall cell lung carcinoma), CH1 (ovarian carcinoma), and SW480 (colon adenocarcinoma), yielding IC50 values in the micromolar concentration range and showing dependence on the cell line. The effect of metal coordination on cytotoxicity of (EtOOC)HL(COOEt) is also discussed. The subcellular distribution of (EtOOC)HL(COOEt) and 2 was investigated by fluorescence microscopy, revealing similar localization for both compounds in cytoplasmic structures.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Antineoplastic Agents / chemical synthesis
  • Antineoplastic Agents / chemistry*
  • Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacokinetics
  • Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Survival / drug effects
  • Coordination Complexes / chemical synthesis
  • Coordination Complexes / chemistry*
  • Coordination Complexes / pharmacokinetics
  • Coordination Complexes / pharmacology
  • Copper / chemistry*
  • Copper / pharmacokinetics
  • Copper / pharmacology
  • Crystallography, X-Ray
  • Humans
  • Ligands
  • Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
  • Models, Molecular
  • Neoplasms / drug therapy
  • Quinolines / chemical synthesis
  • Quinolines / chemistry*
  • Quinolines / pharmacokinetics
  • Quinolines / pharmacology
  • Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
  • Zinc / chemistry*
  • Zinc / pharmacokinetics
  • Zinc / pharmacology

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Coordination Complexes
  • Ligands
  • Quinolines
  • Copper
  • Zinc