SUMMARY This paper reviews the current literature on youth homelessness in the United States and the role of occupational therapy with this population. Youth homelessness is increasing with many youths becoming homeless due to a myriad of causes such as abusive situations in their homes and decreases in affordable housing. Definitions, causes, physical and mental health consequences and the impact of homelessness on youths' development into adult roles are discussed. The role of occupational therapy is described with a focus on useful assessments and intervention principles. Finally, a case study is presented to illustrate the use of these assessments and occupational therapy intervention with a female youth living in an emergency shelter.