Neutralisation of an acidic pit lake by alkaline waste products

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2014;21(11):6930-8. doi: 10.1007/s11356-013-2026-x. Epub 2013 Aug 3.

Abstract

A former open pit where black shale (alum shale) was excavated during 1942-1965 has been water filled since 1966. The water chemistry was dominated by calcium and sulphate and had a pH of 3.2-3.4 until 1997-1998, when pH was gradually increasing. This was due to the intrusion of leachates from alkaline cement waste deposited close to the lake. A stable pH of around 7.5 was obtained after 6-7 years. The chemistry of the pit lake has changed due to the neutralisation. Concentrations of some dissolved metals, notably zinc and nickel, have gone down, as a result of adsorption/co-precipitation on solid phases (most likely iron and aluminium hydroxides), while other metals, notably uranium and molybdenum, are present at elevated levels. Uranium concentration is reaching a minimum of around pH 6.5 and is increasing at higher pH, which may indicate a formation of neutral and anionic uranyl carbonate species at high pH (and total carbonate levels around 1 mM). Weathering of the water-exposed shale is still in progress.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Alkalies / analysis*
  • Alum Compounds / analysis
  • Environmental Monitoring / methods
  • Environmental Monitoring / statistics & numerical data*
  • Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
  • Lakes / chemistry*
  • Metals, Heavy / analysis*
  • Mining
  • Sweden
  • Uranium / analysis
  • Waste Products
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical / analysis*

Substances

  • Alkalies
  • Alum Compounds
  • Metals, Heavy
  • Waste Products
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical
  • Uranium