Regulation of vitamin C homeostasis during deficiency

Nutrients. 2013 Jul 25;5(8):2860-79. doi: 10.3390/nu5082860.

Abstract

Large cross-sectional population studies confirm that vitamin C deficiency is common in humans, affecting 5%-10% of adults in the industrialized world. Moreover, significant associations between poor vitamin C status and increased morbidity and mortality have consistently been observed. However, the absorption, distribution and elimination kinetics of vitamin C in vivo are highly complex, due to dose-dependent non-linearity, and the specific regulatory mechanisms are not fully understood. Particularly, little is known about how adaptive mechanisms during states of deficiency affect the overall regulation of vitamin C transport in the body. This review discusses mechanisms of vitamin C transport and potential means of regulation with special emphasis on capacity and functional properties, such as differences in the K(m) of vitamin C transporters in different target tissues, in some instances demonstrating a tissue-specific distribution.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Ascorbic Acid / blood*
  • Ascorbic Acid / pharmacokinetics
  • Ascorbic Acid Deficiency / physiopathology*
  • Biological Transport
  • Homeostasis / physiology*
  • Humans
  • Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
  • Nutritional Status

Substances

  • Ascorbic Acid