Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer characterized by poor prognosis. Currently, no reliable markers have been identified as having a predictive role for the prognosis of TNBC patients. In this study, 119 breast cancer samples, including 31 TNBC and 89 non-TNBC subtypes, were collected. The protein levels of cleaved caspase-3 (CC3), aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), cyclooxygenase-2, Ki-67, H2A histone family member X, and phosphorylated protein kinase B protein were measured by immunohistochemical staining. The percentage of positive CC3 (P = .017), ALDH1 (P = .015), Ki-67 (P = .001), and H2A histone family member X (P = .016) staining was significantly higher in TNBC than in non-TNBC cases. Positive CC3 and ALDH1 staining significantly correlated with poor prognosis of breast cancer, the TNBC subtype and non-TNBC subtype. Positive cyclooxygenase-2 expression significantly correlated with the survival of patients with TNBC. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that CC3 and ALDH1 are independent prognostic factors for BC and non-TNBC. ALDH1 is a prognostic marker for TNBC patients.
Keywords:
ALDH1; Akt; Breast cancer; Caspase-3; Cox-2; Ki-67; Prognosis; Triple-negative breast cancer.
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Adenocarcinoma / metabolism
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Adenocarcinoma / mortality
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Adenocarcinoma / secondary*
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Adenocarcinoma / therapy
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Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous / metabolism
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Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous / mortality
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Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous / secondary
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Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous / therapy
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Adult
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Aged
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Aged, 80 and over
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Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / metabolism*
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Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family
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Biomarkers, Tumor / metabolism
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Breast Neoplasms / metabolism
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Breast Neoplasms / mortality
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Breast Neoplasms / pathology*
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Breast Neoplasms / therapy
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Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / metabolism
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Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / mortality
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Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / secondary
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Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / therapy
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Carcinoma, Lobular / metabolism
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Carcinoma, Lobular / mortality
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Carcinoma, Lobular / secondary
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Carcinoma, Lobular / therapy
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Carcinoma, Medullary / metabolism
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Carcinoma, Medullary / mortality
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Carcinoma, Medullary / secondary
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Carcinoma, Medullary / therapy
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China / epidemiology
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Combined Modality Therapy
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Disease-Free Survival
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Female
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Humans
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Middle Aged
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Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
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Neoplasm Staging
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Prognosis
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Receptor, ErbB-2 / metabolism*
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Receptors, Estrogen / metabolism*
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Receptors, Progesterone / metabolism*
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Retinal Dehydrogenase
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Survival Rate
Substances
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Biomarkers, Tumor
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Receptors, Estrogen
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Receptors, Progesterone
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Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family
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Aldehyde Dehydrogenase
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ALDH1A1 protein, human
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Retinal Dehydrogenase
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Receptor, ErbB-2