Structural properties of silver doped hydroxyapatite and their biocompatibility

Abstract

The aim of this study was to obtain a novel hydroxyapatite-based material with high biocompatibility. The structural properties of the samples were well characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The X-ray diffraction studies revealed the characteristic peaks of hydroxyapatite in each sample. Other phases or impurities were not observed. The scanning electron microscopy observations suggest that the doping components have no influence on the surface morphology of the samples, which reveals a homogeneous aspect of the synthesized particles for all samples. The presence of calcium (Ca), phosphor (P), oxygen (O) and silver (Ag) in the Ag:HAp is confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy analyses. Nanocrystalline silver doped HAp stimulated viability and potentiated the activation of murine macrophages.

Keywords: (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) reduction test; ATCC; Ag:HAp; American Type Culture Collection; EDAX; HAp; Hydroxyapatite; LPS (E. coli 055:B5); MTT; Macrophage; NADPH; NO; NOS; Nitric oxide; PBS; RAW 264.7 cells; RNS; ROS; SEM; Silver; TEM; X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; XPS; XRD; eNOS; endothelial NOS; energy dispersive X-ray; hydroxyapatite; iNOS; inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase; lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli 055:B5; mouse leukemic monocyte macrophage cell line; nNOS; neuronal NOS; nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; nitric oxide; nitric oxide synthases; nitrogen reactive species; phosphate buffer saline solution; reactive oxygen species; scanning electron microscopy; silver doped hydroxyapatite; transmission electron microscopy.