A new synthesis route to α-L-threose nucleoside phosphonates via 2-O and 3-O selectively protected L-threose is developed. The key intermediates 2-O-benzoyl-L-threonolactone and 1-O-acetyl-2-O-benzoyl-3-O-t-butyldiphenylsilyl-L-threofuranose were functionalized to synthesize 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro- and 3'-C-ethynyl L-threose 3'-O-phosphonate nucleosides. The key intermediates developed are important intermediates for the synthesis of new L-threose-based nucleoside analogues, TNA phosphoramidites, and TNA triphosphates.