Abstract
Cyanotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by cyanobacteria. They pose a threat to human health and the environment. This review summarises the existing data on human exposure to cyanotoxins through drinking water, recreational activities (e.g., swimming, canoeing or bathing), the aquatic food web, terrestrial plants, food supplements, and haemodialysis. Furthermore, it discusses the tolerable daily intake and guideline values for cyanotoxins (especially microcystins) as well as the need to implement risk management measures via national and international legislation.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Bacterial Toxins / analysis*
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Bacterial Toxins / toxicity*
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Cyanobacteria / metabolism*
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Drinking Water / analysis*
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Drinking Water / microbiology*
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Environmental Exposure / adverse effects*
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Environmental Exposure / analysis*
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Food Chain
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Food Contamination / analysis
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Humans
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Inhalation Exposure / analysis
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Liver Failure, Acute / etiology
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Microcystins / analysis
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Microcystins / toxicity
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Renal Dialysis / adverse effects
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Risk Assessment
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Risk Management / methods
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Water Microbiology
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Water Supply / analysis
Substances
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Bacterial Toxins
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Drinking Water
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Microcystins