Influence of chlorine substitution on the hydrolytic stability of biaryl ether nucleoside adducts produced by phenolic toxins

J Org Chem. 2013 Jul 19;78(14):7176-85. doi: 10.1021/jo401122j. Epub 2013 Jul 2.

Abstract

A kinetic study is reported for the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of oxygen (O)-linked biaryl ether 8-2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) adducts produced by phenolic toxins following metabolism into phenoxyl radical intermediates. Strikingly, the reaction rate of hydrolysis at pH 1 decreases as electron-withdrawing chlorine (Cl) substituents are added to the phenoxyl ring. The Hammett plot for hydrolysis at pH 1 shows a linear negative slope with ρX = -0.65, implying that increased Cl-substitution diminishes the rate of hydrolysis by lowering N(7) basicity. Spectrophotometric titration provided an N(7)H(+) pKa value of 1.1 for the unsubstituted adduct 8-phenoxy-dG (Ph-O-dG). Model pyridine compounds suggest N(7)H(+) pKa values of 0.92 and 0.37 for 4-Cl-Ph-O-dG and 2,6-dichloro-Ph-O-dG (DCP-O-dG), respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations also highlight the ability of the 8-phenoxy substituent to lower N(7) basicity and predict a preference for N(3)-protonation for highly chlorinated O-linked 8-dG adducts in water. The calculations also provide a rationale for the hydrolytic reactivity of O-linked 8-dG adducts in the gas-phase, as determined using electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The inclusion of our data now establishes that the order of hydrolytic reactivity at neutral pH for bulky 8-dG adducts is N-linked > C-linked > O-linked, which correlates with their relative ease of N(7)-protonation.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Acids / chemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Chlorine / chemistry*
  • Deoxyguanosine / analogs & derivatives
  • Deoxyguanosine / chemical synthesis*
  • Deoxyguanosine / chemistry
  • Ethers / chemical synthesis*
  • Ethers / chemistry
  • Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
  • Hydrolysis
  • Kinetics
  • Phenol / chemistry*
  • Quantum Theory

Substances

  • Acids
  • Ethers
  • Phenol
  • Chlorine
  • Deoxyguanosine