Live-cell dynamic sensing of Cd(2+) with a FRET-based indicator

PLoS One. 2013 Jun 11;8(6):e65853. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065853. Print 2013.

Abstract

Cd(2+) causes damages to several human tissues. Although the toxicological and carcinogenetic mechanisms of Cd(2+) have been previously established, some basic questions on this toxicant remain unclear. In this study, we constructed Met-cad 1.57, a new fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based Cd(2+) indicator, which contains a portion of a Cd(2+)-binding protein (CadR) obtained from Pseudomonas putida as the Cd(2+) sensing key. We produced a human embryonic kidney cell line HEK-MCD157 which stably expresses the Met-cad 1.57 for further investigations. Both fluorescence spectroscopy and FRET microscopic ratio imaging were used to monitor the Cd(2+) concentration within the living HEK-MCD157 cells. The dissociation constant of Met-cad 1.57 was approximately 271 nM. The function of Ca(2+) channels as a potential Cd(2+) entry gateway was further confirmed in the HEK-MCD157 cells. The organelle-targeted property of the protein-based Cd(2+) indicator directly reveals the nucleus accumulation phenomena. In summary, a human kidney cell line that stably expresses the FRET-based Cd(2+) indicator Met-cad 1.57 was constructed for reliable and convenient investigations to determine the Cd(2+) concentration within living cells, including the identification of the entry pathway of Cd(2+) and sub-cellular sequestration.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Bacterial Proteins / metabolism
  • Cadmium / metabolism*
  • Cell Line
  • Cell Nucleus / metabolism
  • Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer*
  • Humans
  • Spectrometry, Fluorescence
  • Transcription Factors / metabolism

Substances

  • Bacterial Proteins
  • CadR protein, Pseudomonas
  • Transcription Factors
  • Cadmium

Grants and funding

This work is supported by grants from the National Science Council of the Republic of China, Taiwan (Grants NSC-100-2320-B-075-004), Taipei Veterans General Hospital (V100C1-032, V101C1-072, V102C-163), the Joint Projects of UTVGH (University System of Taiwan together with Taipei Veterans General Hospital: VGHUST100-G1-1-2, VGHUST102-G7-1-2E), and National Yang-Ming University (Ministry of Education, Aim for the Top University Plan) and Biophotonics and Molecular Imaging Research Center. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.