Cembrane derivatives from the soft corals, Sinularia gaweli and Sinularia flexibilis

Mar Drugs. 2013 Jun 17;11(6):2154-67. doi: 10.3390/md11062154.

Abstract

A new norcembranoidal diterpene, 1-epi-sinulanorcembranolide A (1), and a new cembranoidal diterpene, flexibilin D (2), were isolated from the soft corals, Sinularia gaweli and Sinularia flexibilis, respectively. The structures of new metabolites 1 and 2 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, and compound 2 was found to significantly inhibit the accumulation of the pro-inflammatory iNOS and COX-2 proteins of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. In addition, S. flexibilis yielded a known cembrane, 5-dehydrosinulariolide (3); the structure, including its absolute stereochemistry, was further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Anthozoa / chemistry*
  • Cyclooxygenase 2 / drug effects
  • Cyclooxygenase 2 / metabolism
  • Diterpenes / chemistry
  • Diterpenes / isolation & purification
  • Diterpenes / pharmacology*
  • Lipopolysaccharides / pharmacology
  • Macrophages / drug effects*
  • Macrophages / metabolism
  • Mice
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / drug effects
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / metabolism
  • Spectrum Analysis
  • X-Ray Diffraction

Substances

  • Diterpenes
  • Lipopolysaccharides
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
  • Cyclooxygenase 2