Aim of this multicentric clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a new iron compound: iron proteinsuccinylate. 3,200 patients affected with iron deficiency due to obstetric or gynecologic etiology were treated with iron proteinsuccinylate, at a daily dose of 80 mg Fe3+, for at least 30 days. Iron proteinsuccinylate induced a statistically significant improvement (p less than 0.01) in mean values of hemoglobin and serum iron. The compound also caused a disappearance or improvement of subjective symptomatology (asthenia, anorexia) and of clinical conditions deriving from iron deficiency state (polypnea, cutaneous and mucous pallor). The treatment was well tolerated and caused a few slight side effects (diarrhea, epigastralgia, nausea) in 2.4% of patients.