As the increasing trend of survival rate for premature birth, especially in early preterm infants, it calls more and more attention to neurologic sequelae of premature birth. Besides cerebral palsy, there are high incidences of neuropsychological disorders in premature infants, such as learning and social communication problems, which sometimes remain a challenge for the quality of life even in their adulthood. In order to solve these difficult situation and problems, more and more medical research and clinical efforts have being focused on the mechanism of brain injury, neurological sequelae of premature birth, early intervention and follow-up for premature. Hereby we are discussing our works for brain injury in preterm the mechanism of neurological sequelae, assessment methods and early intervention, to provide rationale for the establishment of early intervention and follow-up system for premature infants with brain injury.