Malaria is the most common disease in the tropical areas and the most common imported disease in the non endemic areas, being considered by WHO a public health issue. About half of the world population lives in zones where there is a malaria risk, and in 2008 were reported 243 million malaria cases and 863.000 deaths. Europe was declared "malaria-free" by WHO in 1975. However there are still cases, most of them imported due to migration and travelling to high risk zones. In 2008 in Europe were reported 5848 imported cases in 25 countries. In recent years there were sporadic indigenous cases in Spain (2009) and Greece (2009, 2011), but the risk of malaria transmission in Europe is considered low in present. In Romania since 1961 indigenous transmission was interrupted, and starting with 1963 we are in the maintenance phase of malaria eradication. in the period 2007-2010 were reported 68 cases of malaria, all imported (24 cases in 2007, 13 cases in 2008, 12 cases in 2009 and 19 cases in 2010) and one death in 2007 (to a man aged 40 years infected in Uganda and who developed a toxic form of malaria with Plasmodium falciparum). Most cases of malaria (94.1%) were recorded in men who have traveled for work in Africa (83.8%), and who were infected with Plasmodium falciparum (67.7% of cases). Occurrence of malaria cases in non endemic areas is possible by the increasing number of people who travel in the risk areas and/ or ignoring and not following prevention measures, respectively chemoprophylaxis and personal protective measures against mosquito's bites.