Background: Commonly used abortion agents carry potentially serious side effects for the mother. It is important for emergency physicians to be aware of the medications used in elective abortions from the late first trimester to term. If digoxin is used as an abortifacient, it is injected intrafetally or intraplacentally. With this method there is a chance of extraplacental injection, resulting in maternal systemic digoxin toxicity and serious morbidity or death.
Objectives: This report presents a case report, discusses the risks of digoxin-induced abortion, and teaches the reader about the abortifacient agents currently in use, along with their associated complications.
Case report: This is a case of a 28-year-old pregnant woman of approximately 20 weeks gestation, who presented with severe muscular weakness and respiratory failure requiring intubation. She was subsequently found to have hyperkalemic paralysis from digoxin toxicity after an extraplacental injection during the first step of a two-part elective abortion.
Conclusions: It is important for emergency physicians to be aware of the various late first-trimester to term abortifacient agents and procedures being used in obstetrical/gynecological practice, and the potential risks of these interventions. Digoxin toxicity or hyperkalemia should be suspected when a patient presents with severe weakness and respiratory distress after an attempted abortion.
Keywords: abortifacient; digoxin toxicity; elective abortion; extraplacental injection; hyperkalemic paralysis.
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