A new anaplerotic respiratory pathway involving lysine biosynthesis in isocitrate dehydrogenase-deficient Arabidopsis mutants

New Phytol. 2013 Aug;199(3):673-82. doi: 10.1111/nph.12319. Epub 2013 May 30.

Abstract

The cornerstone of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolic interactions - respiration - is presently not well understood in plant cells: the source of the key intermediate 2-oxoglutarate (2OG), to which reduced N is combined to yield glutamate and glutamine, remains somewhat unclear. We took advantage of combined mutations of NAD- and NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase activity and investigated the associated metabolic effects in Arabidopsis leaves (the major site of N assimilation in this genus), using metabolomics and (13)C-labelling techniques. We show that a substantial reduction in leaf isocitrate dehydrogenase activity did not lead to changes in the respiration efflux rate but respiratory metabolism was reorchestrated: 2OG production was supplemented by a metabolic bypass involving both lysine synthesis and degradation. Although the recycling of lysine has long been considered important in sustaining respiration, we show here that lysine neosynthesis itself participates in an alternative respiratory pathway. Lys metabolism thus contributes to explaining the metabolic flexibility of plant leaves and the effect (or the lack thereof) of respiratory mutations.

Keywords: isocitrate dehydrogenase; labelling; lysine; metabolism; metabolomics; respiration.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acids / metabolism
  • Arabidopsis / enzymology*
  • Arabidopsis / genetics*
  • Carbon Isotopes
  • Cell Respiration
  • Gases / metabolism
  • Isocitrate Dehydrogenase / deficiency*
  • Isocitrate Dehydrogenase / metabolism
  • Lysine / biosynthesis*
  • Metabolome
  • Metabolomics
  • Mutation / genetics*
  • Photosynthesis

Substances

  • Amino Acids
  • Carbon Isotopes
  • Gases
  • Isocitrate Dehydrogenase
  • Lysine