Outcomes with standard therapy for patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) of the lung have not improved significantly over the past decade using a predominantly empiric approach. Recent advances in pulmonary adenocarcinomas (ACs) have allowed the subdivision according to molecular subsets and the identification of specific molecular alterations that predict significant benefit from specific targeted therapies. Genomic alterations reported by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Project identified a number of molecular targets that need to be studied systematically to improve the overall survival of patients with SQCC of the lung.