Immunohistochemical detection of intrathrombotic macrophage-derived cytokines and its application to thrombus age estimation in murine deep vein thrombosis model

Int J Legal Med. 2013 Sep;127(5):937-42. doi: 10.1007/s00414-013-0873-0. Epub 2013 May 25.

Abstract

We immunohistochemically examined the expression of IFNγ, TNFα, and TNF receptor p55 (TNF-Rp55) in a stasis-induced venous thrombus murine model. IFNγ(+), TNFα(+), and TNF-Rp55(+) cells could be first detected 7, 3, and 3 days after inferior vena cava (IVC) ligation. Thereafter, the numbers of these positive cells increased with time after IVC ligation. Double-color immunofluorescence analyses demonstrated that each molecule was expressed by intrathrombotic macrophages. In all samples with postligation intervals of 7 days or less, IFNγ/macrophage ratio (IFNγ/Mϕ), TNFα/macrophage ratio (TNFα/Mϕ), and TNF-Rp55/macrophage ratio (TNF-Rp55/Mϕ) were <0.2, <0.2, and <0.4, respectively. In contrast, IFNγ/Mϕ and TNFα/Mϕ were greater than 0.2 and 0.3 at ≥10 days after the IVC ligation, respectively. These observations suggested that IFNγ/Mϕ ratios of >0.2 and TNFα/Mϕ ratios of >0.3 indicated thrombus age of ≥10 days. Moreover, TNF-Rp55/Mϕ ratios of >0.7 strongly suggested thrombus age of >14 days. The present study demonstrated that the immunohistochemical detection of IFNγ, TNFα, and TNF-Rp55 was suitable to estimate the age of venous thrombi. However, the variation in TNF-Rp55/Mϕ ratios is wider than those of the other two markers. Thus, IFNγ and TNFα could be more practical markers.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cytokines / biosynthesis*
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Fluorescent Antibody Technique
  • Forensic Pathology
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Ligation
  • Macrophages / immunology*
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Time Factors
  • Vena Cava, Inferior / surgery
  • Venous Thrombosis / pathology*

Substances

  • Cytokines