Fibroin extracted from silkworm cocoon silk provides an intriguing and potentially important biomaterial for corneal reconstruction. In this chapter we outline our methods for producing a composite of two fibroin-based materials that support the cocultivation of human limbal epithelial (HLE) cells and human limbal stromal (HLS) cells. The resulting tissue substitute consists of a stratified epithelium overlying a three-dimensional arrangement of extracellular matrix components (principally "degummed" fibroin fibers) and mesenchymal stromal cells. This tissue substitute is currently being evaluated as a tool for reconstructing the corneal limbus and corneal epithelium.