In this article, a facile approach to fabricate a biofunctional polypropylene nonwoven fabric membrane (PP NWF) with a switchable surface from antibacterial property to hemocompatibility is presented. In the first step, a cationic carboxybetaine ester monomer, [(2-(methacryboxy) ethyl)]-N,N-dimethylamino-ethylammonium bromide, methyl ester (CABA-1-ester) was synthesized. Subsequently, this monomer was introduced on the PP NWF surface via plasma pretreatment and a UV-induced graft polymerization technique. Finally, a switchable surface from antibacterial property to hemocompatibility was easily realized by hydrolysis of poly(CABA-1-ester) moieties on the PP NWF surface under mild conditions. Surface hydrolysis behaviors under different pH conditions were investigated. These PP NWFs grafted with poly(CABA-1-ester) segments can cause significant suppression of S. aureus proliferation; after hydrolysis, these surfaces covered by poly[(2-(methacryloxy) ethyl)] carboxybetaine (poly(CABA)) chains exhibited obvious reduction in protein adsorption and platelet adhesion, and remarkably enhanced antithrombotic properties. This strategy demonstrated that a switchable PP NWF surface from antibacterial property to hemocompatibility was easily developed by plasma pretreatment and UV-induced surface graft polymerization and that this surface may become an attractive platform for a range of biomedical applications.