Trotula dé Ruggiero was the first female physician in history of medicine and her role at Medical School of Salerno. Her reputation in the Middle Ages was so important that her theoretical manuscripts were diffused in all European universities and laid the foundations for modern medicine. Of note, Trotula deepened medicine as an eternal dichotomy between art and science, narrative and evidence. In particular, she spent all her life in treating children's diseases, exhibiting a kind of emotional, cultural and spiritual maternity of inestimable value.