Chemical exchange saturation transfer effect in blood

Magn Reson Med. 2014 Mar;71(3):1082-92. doi: 10.1002/mrm.24770.

Abstract

Purpose: In this report, the feasibility of using blood as an agent for Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) effect is investigated.

Methods: The CEST effect of porcine blood samples was investigated on a 3.0 T MRI scanner using various power levels and on a 14.1 T NMR spectrometer. As a proof-of-concept that CEST can be used to image blood in vivo, the technique was applied in two locations of healthy human volunteers, namely, the femoral artery and the M1-segment of the middle cerebral artery.

Results: The blood sample experiments showed that maximum CEST Magnetization Transfer Ratio asymmetry (MTRasym) values of ∼ 12% were achieved, with likely contributions from multiple blood components. These findings were confirmed during the in vivo experiments where CEST signal of blood was clearly greater than surrounding muscular (2%) and brain tissue (3%).

Conclusion: Ex vivo and in vivo results show that blood is a suitable CEST agent that generates sufficient CEST contrast relative to surrounding tissue.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Algorithms*
  • Animals
  • Blood Chemical Analysis / methods*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / methods*
  • Magnetic Resonance Angiography / methods*
  • Male
  • Middle Cerebral Artery / chemistry*
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Sensitivity and Specificity
  • Swine
  • Young Adult