Pharmacology of local anesthetics used in oral surgery

Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2013 Aug;25(3):453-65, vi. doi: 10.1016/j.coms.2013.03.003. Epub 2013 May 7.

Abstract

This article provides a comprehensive review of the pharmacology of local anesthetics as a class, and provides details of the individual drugs available in dental cartridges. Maximum recommended doses of local anesthetics and vasoconstrictors are presented for healthy adult and pediatric patients, and for patients with cardiovascular system impairments. Various complications and reasons for failure of local anesthesia effectiveness are discussed, and current and future trends in local anesthesia are presented to provide an overview of current research in local anesthesia.

Keywords: Complications and reasons for failure; Future trends; Local anesthetics; Pharmacology.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Anesthesia, Dental*
  • Anesthesia, Local
  • Anesthetics, Local / adverse effects
  • Anesthetics, Local / pharmacology*
  • Buffers
  • Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
  • Humans
  • Nerve Fibers / drug effects
  • Oral Surgical Procedures*
  • Vasoconstrictor Agents / pharmacology

Substances

  • Anesthetics, Local
  • Buffers
  • Vasoconstrictor Agents