[Is necessary to perform a transthoracic echocardiogram in all the patients with cryptogenic stroke during hospitalization?]

Rev Neurol. 2013 May 16;56(10):510-4.
[Article in Spanish]

Abstract

Introduction: From 15 to 30% of all ischemic strokes are cardioembolic. Transthoracic echocardiography plays a key role in the evaluation, diagnosis and management of the embolic source. The absence of official recommendations for the use of echocardiography in patients with ischemic stroke leads to a universal application showing low diagnostic efficiency.

Aim: To analyze the diagnostic accuracy of echocardiograpm in patients with ischemic stroke in two situations: with universal indication and after the application of risk clinical criteria.

Patients and methods: Analysis of the echocardiograms performed on patients with acute ischemic stroke from the stroke unit during the years 2009-2011. We study the diagnostic and etiological contribution to the etiological study. Apply a selection criteria: 'high risk patient with need of test performance during admission' (age < 60 years, abnormal baseline electrocardiogram, cardiomegaly on chest radiograph or baseline history of heart disease, suspected endocarditis and/or active neoplasia) and analyzed their validity.

Results: From 930 inpatients, 201 (21.6%), underwent echocardiogram. Cardioembolic source was detected in 9.95%. After application of selection criteria, only 97 patients (10.4%) should have undergone it. The proposed criteria have a sensitivity 95%, specificity 56.9%, positive predictive value 19.6% and negative predictive value of 99%.

Conclusions: The application of our criteria in undetermined stroke patients help us to identify with high efficiency cardioembolic sources postponing the test to an ambulatory scenario in the rest of the patients.

Title: Es necesaria la realizacion de un ecocardiograma transtoracico a todos los pacientes con ictus isquemico indeterminado durante el ingreso?

Introduccion. El 15-30% de los ictus isquemicos son de origen cardioembolico. El ecocardiograma transtoracico desempena un papel fundamental en la evaluacion, diagnostico y manejo de la fuente embolica. La ausencia de recomendaciones oficiales para el empleo del ecocardiograma en pacientes con ictus isquemico lleva a una solicitud universal de la prueba, presentando una baja rentabilidad diagnostica. Objetivo. Analizar la rentabilidad diagnostica del ecocardiograma transtoracico en pacientes con ictus isquemico indeterminado tras la aplicacion de criterios clinicos predefinidos de riesgo. Pacientes y metodos. Se analizan los ecocardiogramas realizados a pacientes con ictus isquemico agudo solicitados durante 2009-2011 desde el servicio de neurologia. Se estudia la rentabilidad diagnostica y su aportacion al estudio etiologico. Se aplican unos 'criterios de seleccion de paciente de alto riego con necesidad de realizacion de la prueba durante el ingreso' (edad < 60 anos, alteraciones en el ecocardiograma basal, cardiomegalia en la radiografia de torax basal, antecedentes de cardiopatia, sospecha clinica de endocarditis o neoplasia activa) y se analiza su validez. Resultados. De 930 pacientes, se realizo ecocardiograma a 201 (21,6%) y se detecto una fuente cardioembolica en el 9,95%. Tras la aplicacion de criterios de seleccion, el numero de ecocardiogramas paso a 97 (10,4%). Los criterios propuestos presentan: sensibilidad, 95%; especificidad, 56,9%; valor predictivo positivo, 19,6%, y valor predictivo negativo, 99%. Conclusiones. La aplicacion de nuestros criterios a pacientes con ictus indeterminado identifica con alta eficiencia la fuente cardioembolica, lo que permite la realizacion del ecocardiograma transtoracico ambulatorio en el resto de los pacientes.

Publication types

  • Evaluation Study

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Brain Ischemia / diagnostic imaging*
  • Brain Ischemia / economics
  • Brain Ischemia / etiology
  • Cost-Benefit Analysis
  • Diagnostic Tests, Routine / statistics & numerical data*
  • Echocardiography / economics
  • Echocardiography / statistics & numerical data*
  • Female
  • Hospitalization
  • Humans
  • Intracranial Embolism / complications
  • Intracranial Embolism / diagnosis
  • Intracranial Embolism / diagnostic imaging*
  • Intracranial Embolism / economics
  • Intracranial Embolism / epidemiology
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Patient Selection
  • Predictive Value of Tests
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Sensitivity and Specificity
  • Unnecessary Procedures*