Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) is a chronic, benign, polymorphic disease of the rectum, the final diagnosis of which is based on histopathologic criteria. Microscopic examination shows glandular changes, oedema and obliteration of the normal architecture in the region of the lamina propria, with muslce fibre penetrating into lamina. Although SRUS pathogenesis is bound up with defecation disorder, it still remains unclear. Disease symptoms are nonspecific--in most cases defecation disorders appear (incomplete defecation, blood and mucus in stool). In some patients emotional disorders can be observed. SRUS treatment is a complex and long-lasting process. Usually it is ineffective or gives only passing effects. SRUS can often be accompanied by rectal prolapse, sometimes a hidden one. In these cases there are more therapeutic possibilities and the prognosis is slightly better. There is no method of choice for SRUS treatment and the prognosis is hard to predict. The treatment should be selected individually, depending on the symptoms intensity and the occurrence of rectal prolapse.