Refined liquid smoke: a potential antilisterial additive to cold-smoked sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

J Food Prot. 2013 May;76(5):812-9. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-12-368.

Abstract

Cold-smoked salmon (CSS) is a potentially hazardous ready-to-eat food product due to the high risk of contamination with Listeria monocytogenes and lack of a listericidal step. We investigated the antilisterial property of liquid smokes (LS) against Listeria innocua ATCC 33090 (surrogate to L. monocytogenes) as a potential supplement to vacuum-packaged CSS. A full-strength LS (Code 10-Poly), and three commercially refined fractions (AM-3, AM-10, and 1291) having less color and flavor (lower content of phenols and carbonyl-containing compounds) were tested. In vitro assays showed strong inhibition for all LS except for 1291. The CSS strips were surface coated with AM-3 and AM-10 at 1% LS (vol/wt) with an L-shaped glass rod and then inoculated with L. innocua at 3.5 log CFU/g, vacuum packaged, and stored at 4°C. The LS did not completely eliminate L. innocua but provided a 2-log reduction by day 14, with no growth up to 35 days of refrigerated storage. A simple difference sensory test by 180 untrained panelists showed the application of AM-3 did not significantly influence the overall sensorial quality of CSS. In essence, the application of the refined LS as an antilisterial additive to CSS is recommended.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Colony Count, Microbial
  • Consumer Product Safety
  • Food Contamination / analysis
  • Food Contamination / prevention & control*
  • Food Handling / methods
  • Food Handling / standards
  • Food Microbiology
  • Food Packaging / methods
  • Food Preservation / methods*
  • Food Preservation / standards
  • Humans
  • Listeria monocytogenes / growth & development*
  • Salmon
  • Seafood / microbiology
  • Seafood / standards*
  • Smoke*
  • Taste
  • Vacuum

Substances

  • Smoke