In general practice, lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men are usually not attributable to specific disorders. Prostate cancer is rarely the cause of LUTS. Education, counselling, and non-pharmaceutical advice form the basis for treatment of LUTS. Only when these measures do not relieve the patient's symptoms sufficiently, drug therapy could be considered. Alpha-blockers are the drugs of first choice and are also recommended when transurethral catheterization is needed for acute urinary retention. The effect of medication on LUTS is limited and largely based on placebo effect. The effectiveness of prostate cancer screening is a subject of debate; therefore patients asking for a PSA test should be informed about the benefits and harms of measuring PSA before having a test. A PSA value > 4 ng/ml, or abnormal results on digital rectal examination should prompt further diagnostic evaluation.