Introducing a new breed of wine yeast: interspecific hybridisation between a commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine yeast and Saccharomyces mikatae

PLoS One. 2013 Apr 17;8(4):e62053. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062053. Print 2013.

Abstract

Interspecific hybrids are commonplace in agriculture and horticulture; bread wheat and grapefruit are but two examples. The benefits derived from interspecific hybridisation include the potential of generating advantageous transgressive phenotypes. This paper describes the generation of a new breed of wine yeast by interspecific hybridisation between a commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine yeast strain and Saccharomyces mikatae, a species hitherto not associated with industrial fermentation environs. While commercially available wine yeast strains provide consistent and reliable fermentations, wines produced using single inocula are thought to lack the sensory complexity and rounded palate structure obtained from spontaneous fermentations. In contrast, interspecific yeast hybrids have the potential to deliver increased complexity to wine sensory properties and alternative wine styles through the formation of novel, and wider ranging, yeast volatile fermentation metabolite profiles, whilst maintaining the robustness of the wine yeast parent. Screening of newly generated hybrids from a cross between a S. cerevisiae wine yeast and S. mikatae (closely-related but ecologically distant members of the Saccharomyces sensu stricto clade), has identified progeny with robust fermentation properties and winemaking potential. Chemical analysis showed that, relative to the S. cerevisiae wine yeast parent, hybrids produced wines with different concentrations of volatile metabolites that are known to contribute to wine flavour and aroma, including flavour compounds associated with non-Saccharomyces species. The new S. cerevisiae x S. mikatae hybrids have the potential to produce complex wines akin to products of spontaneous fermentation while giving winemakers the safeguard of an inoculated ferment.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Beverages
  • Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  • Chromosomes, Fungal / genetics
  • Crosses, Genetic
  • DNA, Ribosomal / genetics
  • Fermentation
  • Flow Cytometry
  • Fluorescence
  • Hybridization, Genetic*
  • Phenotype
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
  • Polyphenols / metabolism
  • Saccharomyces / genetics*
  • Saccharomyces / isolation & purification
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae / genetics*
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae / isolation & purification
  • Solvents
  • Species Specificity
  • Vitis / physiology
  • Volatilization
  • Wine / microbiology*

Substances

  • DNA, Ribosomal
  • Polyphenols
  • Solvents

Grants and funding

This work was financially supported by Australia’s grape-growers and winemakers through their investment body the Grape and Wine Research Development Corporation (http://www.gwrdc.com.au/site/page.cfm), with matching funds from the Australian Government. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.