Reconstructive algorithm and classification system for transoral oropharyngeal defects

Head Neck. 2014 Jul;36(7):934-41. doi: 10.1002/hed.23353. Epub 2014 May 19.

Abstract

Background: Transoral techniques for oropharyngeal tumors, such as transoral robotic surgery (TORS) and transoral laser microsurgery, require new reconstructive considerations.

Methods: Defects from 92 patients undergoing TORS were classified into 4 classes. A reconstruction algorithm was followed. Perioperative outcomes and complications were assessed. Forty-seven patients completed the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) swallowing questionnaire and a modified Velopharyngeal Insufficiency Quality of Life (VPIQL) questionnaire postoperatively.

Results: The most common reconstructions involved velopharyngoplasties with local flaps (39%), local flaps alone (25%), or secondary healing (20%). More advanced defects (class III and IV defects) required regional and free flaps more often. No significant differences were found in MDADI scores or VPIQL scores among the 4 defect classes. Only adjuvant radiotherapy was a predictor of poor swallowing (p = .02).

Conclusion: The classification system for transoral oropharyngeal defects maps defects into 4 classes and guides the reconstructive thought process.

Keywords: classification system; complications; functional outcomes; perioperative outcomes; reconstruction; reconstructive algorithm; transoral laser microsurgery; transoral oropharyngeal surgery; transoral robotic surgery.

MeSH terms

  • Algorithms*
  • Chemotherapy, Adjuvant / adverse effects
  • Cutaneous Fistula / etiology
  • Deglutition Disorders / etiology
  • Female
  • Gastrostomy
  • Graft Rejection / etiology
  • Humans
  • Laser Therapy
  • Male
  • Microsurgery
  • Middle Aged
  • Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / drug therapy
  • Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / radiotherapy
  • Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / surgery*
  • Postoperative Complications
  • Radiotherapy, Adjuvant / adverse effects
  • Robotic Surgical Procedures
  • Surgical Flaps
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Tracheostomy
  • Velopharyngeal Insufficiency / etiology