Mitochondrial autophagy (Mitophagy), the specific autophagic elimination of mitochondria, has been related with several forms of degenerative disease and mitochondrial dysfunction. It is involved in multiple cellular processes. In addition to one of its established key roles in the maintenance of normal cellular phenotype and function, there is growing interest in the concept that targeted modulation of mitophagy may reduce cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Induction of mitophagy results in selective clearance of damaged mitochondria in cells. In response to stress such as ischaemia/reperfusion, prosurvival and prodeath pathways are concomitantly activated in neuronal cells.