Folding pathways of a knotted protein with a realistic atomistic force field

PLoS Comput Biol. 2013;9(3):e1003002. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003002. Epub 2013 Mar 21.

Abstract

We report on atomistic simulation of the folding of a natively-knotted protein, MJ0366, based on a realistic force field. To the best of our knowledge this is the first reported effort where a realistic force field is used to investigate the folding pathways of a protein with complex native topology. By using the dominant-reaction pathway scheme we collected about 30 successful folding trajectories for the 82-amino acid long trefoil-knotted protein. Despite the dissimilarity of their initial unfolded configuration, these trajectories reach the natively-knotted state through a remarkably similar succession of steps. In particular it is found that knotting occurs essentially through a threading mechanism, involving the passage of the C-terminal through an open region created by the formation of the native [Formula: see text]-sheet at an earlier stage. The dominance of the knotting by threading mechanism is not observed in MJ0366 folding simulations using simplified, native-centric models. This points to a previously underappreciated role of concerted amino acid interactions, including non-native ones, in aiding the appropriate order of contact formation to achieve knotting.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Algorithms
  • Archaeal Proteins / chemistry*
  • Archaeal Proteins / metabolism*
  • Computational Biology
  • Molecular Dynamics Simulation
  • Monte Carlo Method
  • Protein Conformation
  • Protein Folding
  • Thermodynamics

Substances

  • Archaeal Proteins

Grants and funding

This work was funded by FBK, Trento University and SISSA by providing the salary of the researchers and PhD students involved in the project and giving access to High-Performance computing facilities (AURORA supercomputer at the LISC laboratory). CM received funding by the Italian Ministry of Education, grant PRIN 2010HXAW77. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.