Accumulating evidence suggests that atrial fibrillation is highly prevalent among patients with end-stage renal disease. Physicians should be aware of this important association and implement meticulous monitoring of these patients, because the diagnosis of the arrhythmia is often challenging. In this comprehensive review we provide a concise overview of the current literature regarding the epidemiology of atrial fibrillation in end-stage renal disease, as well as the role of associated factors and predictors.