Therapeutic targeting of proinflammatory cytokines is clinically beneficial in several autoimmune disorders. Several of these cytokines are directly implicated in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, suggesting opportunities for design of clinical trials in type 1 diabetes that incorporate selective cytokine blockade as a component of preventative or interventional immunotherapy. The rationale and status of inhibitory therapy directed against IL-1, TNF, IL-12, IL-23, and IL-6 are discussed, towards a goal of using cytokine inhibition as a therapeutic platform to establish an in vivo milieu suitable for modulating the immune response in T1D.
Keywords: Anti-inflammatory; Autoimmunity; DAMPs; IL-1 receptor accessory protein; IL-1 receptor antagonist; IL-1RA; IL-1RAcP; Immunotherapy; LPS; NOD; ROS; Regulatory T cells; T1D; T2D; TLR; TXNIP; Teff; Treg; damage/danger-associated molecular patterns; effector T cell(s); lipopolysaccharide; non-obese diabetic (mice); reactive oxygen species; regulatory T cell(s); thioredoxin inhibitory protein; toll-like receptor; type 1 diabetes; type 2 diabetes.
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