Steatorrhea and hyperoxaluria occur after gastric bypass surgery in obese rats regardless of dietary fat or oxalate

Abstract

Purpose: We determined the effect of dietary fat and oxalate on fecal fat excretion and urine parameters in a rat model of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.

Materials and methods: Diet induced obese Sprague-Dawley® rats underwent sham surgery as controls (16), or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (19). After recovery, rats had free access to a normal calcium, high fat (40%) diet with or without 1.5% potassium oxalate for 5 weeks and then a normal (10%) fat diet for 2 weeks. Stool and urine were collected after each period. Fecal fat was determined by gas chromatography and urine metabolites were evaluated by assay spectrophotometry.

Results: Daily fecal fat excretion remained low in controls on either diet. However, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass rats ingested a food quantity similar to that of controls but had eightfold higher fecal fat excretion (p <0.001) and heavier stools (p = 0.02). Compared to controls, gastric bypass rats on the high fat diet with potassium oxalate had a fivefold increase in urine oxalate excretion (p <0.001), while gastric bypass rats without potassium oxalate had a twofold increase in urine calcium (p <0.01). Lowering dietary fat in gastric bypass rats with potassium oxalate led to a 50% decrease in oxalate excretion (p <0.01), a 30% decrease in urine calcium and a 0.3 U increase in urine pH (p <0.001).

Conclusions: In this Roux-en-Y gastric bypass model high fat feeding resulted in steatorrhea, hyperoxaluria and low urine pH, which were partially reversible by lowering the dietary fat and oxalate content. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass rats on normal fat and no oxalate diets excreted twice as much oxalate as age matched, sham operated controls. Although Roux-en-Y gastric bypass hyperoxaluria appears primarily mediated by gut and diet, secondary causes of oxalogenesis from liver or other mechanisms deserve further exploration.

Keywords: DIO; FM; GI; LBM; Ox; RYGB; Roux-en-Y gastric bypass; calcium oxalate; diet induced obesity; fat mass; gastric bypass; gastrointestinal; lean body mass; morbid; obesity; oxalate; steatorrhea; urinary bladder.