Physical activity phenotypes are highly poligenic. Skeletal muscle-specific AMP deaminase isoform, encoded by AMPD1 gene, is stimulated after short-term highly intense exercise and is an important regulator of muscular energy metabolism in exercise. Analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms detected much lesser frequency of AMPD1 allele T and genotype TT in athletes engaged in the high-speed and strength sports (N=305) in comparison with humans practicing no sports (N=499). Hence, AMPD1 gene polymorphism C34T can be considered as a marker of liability to the high-speed and strength muscular activity.