Extension and validation of the GN model for non-linear interference to uncompensated links using Raman amplification

Opt Express. 2013 Feb 11;21(3):3308-17. doi: 10.1364/OE.21.003308.

Abstract

We show the extension of the Gaussian Noise model, which describes non-linear propagation in uncompensated links of multilevel modulation formats, to systems using Raman amplification. We successfully validate the analytical results by comparison with numerical simulations of Nyquist-WDM PM-16QAM channels transmission over multi-span uncompensated links made of a single fiber type and using hybrid EDFA/Raman amplification with counter-propagating pumps. We analyze two typical high- and low-dispersion fiber types. We show that Raman amplification always induces a limited non-linear interference enhancement compared to the dominant ASE noise reduction.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Validation Study

MeSH terms

  • Amplifiers, Electronic*
  • Computer Simulation
  • Fiber Optic Technology / instrumentation*
  • Light
  • Models, Statistical*
  • Nonlinear Dynamics
  • Normal Distribution
  • Scattering, Radiation
  • Spectrum Analysis, Raman / instrumentation*
  • Spectrum Analysis, Raman / methods*