The asymmetric unit of the title mol-ecular salt, C10H16N(+)·C10H5N4O7(-) (trivial name: N,N-diethyl-anilinium 2,4-dinitro-phenyl-barbiturate), comprises two anion-cation units. In the anions, the dinitro-phenyl ring and the mean plane of the barbiturate ring [planar to within 0.011 (2) and 0.023 (2) Å in the two anions] are inclined to one another by 41.47 (9) and 45.12 (9)°. In the crystal, the anions are linked via strong N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains propagating along [10-1]. Within the chains, adjacent inversion-related anionic barbiturate entities are joined through R2(2)(8) ring motifs. The cations are linked to the chains via N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The chains are linked via a number of C-H⋯O inter-actions, forming a three-dimensional structure.