A characterization of the epidemic occurred in Guantánamo province during October and November 2005, and as well as of the activities developed for its control was made. The existence of favourable factors was confirmed, and as a result from the 42nd statistical week on there was an increase in the number of medical attentions with clinical pictures and epidemiologic elements. 885 suspected cases were notified, 61 were microbiologically confirmed, accounting for a positivity of 69%. The municipalities with the highest risk were Niceto Pérez, Guantánamo city, and Manuel Tames. Some activities were immediately carried out, with the multisectorial and interdisciplinary support from different organizations, allowing the control of the situation in less than a month. The study of this outbreak showed that leptospirosis is still a health problem in Cuba, and that it is necessary to join efforts and resources to control it.