Effect of acute hypoxia on muscle blood flow, VO₂p, and [HHb] kinetics during leg extension exercise in older men

Eur J Appl Physiol. 2013 Jul;113(7):1685-94. doi: 10.1007/s00421-013-2599-6. Epub 2013 Feb 5.

Abstract

The adjustment of pulmonary oxygen uptake (VO2p), heart rate (HR), limb blood flow (LBF), and muscle deoxygenation [HHb] was examined during the transition to moderate-intensity, knee-extension exercise in six older adults (70 ± 4 years) under two conditions: normoxia (FIO₂ = 20.9 %) and hypoxia (FIO₂ = 15 %). The subjects performed repeated step transitions from an active baseline (3 W) to an absolute work rate (21 W) in both conditions. Phase 2 VO₂p, HR, LBF, and [HHb] data were fit with an exponential model. Under hypoxic conditions, no change was observed in HR kinetics, on the other hand, LBF kinetics was faster (normoxia 34 ± 3 s; hypoxia 28 ± 2), whereas the overall [HHb] adjustment (τ' = TD + τ) was slower (normoxia 28 ± 2; hypoxia 33 ± 4 s). Phase 2 VO₂p kinetics were unchanged (p < 0.05). The faster LBF kinetics and slower [HHb] kinetics reflect an improved matching between O₂ delivery and O₂ utilization at the microvascular level, preventing the phase 2 VO₂p kinetics from become slower in hypoxia. Moreover, the absolute blood flow values were higher in hypoxia (1.17 ± 0.2 L min(-1)) compared to normoxia (0.96 ± 0.2 L min(-1)) during the steady-state exercise at 21 W. These findings support the idea that, for older adults exercising at a low work rate, an increase of limb blood flow offsets the drop in arterial oxygen content (CaO₂) caused by breathing an hypoxic mixture.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Age Factors
  • Aged
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Exercise / physiology*
  • Heart Rate
  • Humans
  • Hypoxia / blood
  • Hypoxia / metabolism*
  • Hypoxia / physiopathology
  • Kinetics
  • Leg / physiology
  • Male
  • Muscle, Skeletal / blood supply*
  • Muscle, Skeletal / metabolism*
  • Muscle, Skeletal / physiology
  • Oxygen Consumption*
  • Pulmonary Ventilation*
  • Regional Blood Flow