Rapid activation receptor- or IL-2-induced lytic granule convergence in human natural killer cells requires Src, but not downstream signaling

Blood. 2013 Apr 4;121(14):2627-37. doi: 10.1182/blood-2012-06-437012. Epub 2013 Feb 4.

Abstract

Natural killer (NK) cells participate in host defense by surveying for and ultimately killing virally infected or malignant target cells. NK cell cytotoxicity is a tightly regulated process that proceeds stepwise from adhesion and activation to the secretion of preformed lytic granule contents onto a diseased or stressed cell. We previously characterized rapid dynein-dependent lytic granule convergence to the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) as an early, prerequisite step in NK cell cytotoxicity. Although multiple activating receptors can trigger granule convergence, the specific signal or signals responsible remained unknown. Using live cell confocal microscopy, NK cell lytic granule movement after NK cell activation was captured and measured. Using inhibitors of common early signaling mediators, we show that Src kinases are required for lytic granule convergence, but downstream signals that promote actin rearrangement, MTOC polarization, and calcium mobilization are not. Exposure to interleukin 2 was also sufficient to induce lytic granule convergence, which required noncanonical Src-dependent signaling. Thus, NK cell lytic granule convergence, prompted by specific receptor-mediated and soluble cytokine signals, depends on a directly downstream early Src kinase-dependent signal and emphasizes the importance of this step in readying NK cells for cytotoxicity.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Actins / metabolism
  • CD18 Antigens / metabolism
  • Cytoplasmic Granules / immunology
  • Cytoplasmic Granules / metabolism*
  • Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / immunology
  • Dyneins / metabolism
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins / genetics
  • Humans
  • Interleukin-2 / immunology
  • Interleukin-2 / metabolism*
  • Janus Kinase 3 / metabolism
  • K562 Cells
  • Killer Cells, Natural / cytology
  • Killer Cells, Natural / immunology
  • Killer Cells, Natural / metabolism*
  • Lymphocyte Activation / immunology*
  • MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases / metabolism
  • Microscopy, Confocal
  • Microtubule-Organizing Center / immunology
  • Microtubule-Organizing Center / metabolism
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / metabolism
  • Phospholipase C gamma / metabolism
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Signal Transduction / immunology*
  • src-Family Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors
  • src-Family Kinases / metabolism*

Substances

  • Actins
  • CD18 Antigens
  • Interleukin-2
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
  • JAK3 protein, human
  • Janus Kinase 3
  • src-Family Kinases
  • MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases
  • Phospholipase C gamma
  • Dyneins