Phosphorylation of phytochrome B inhibits light-induced signaling via accelerated dark reversion in Arabidopsis

Plant Cell. 2013 Feb;25(2):535-44. doi: 10.1105/tpc.112.106898. Epub 2013 Feb 1.

Abstract

The photoreceptor phytochrome B (phyB) interconverts between the biologically active Pfr (λmax = 730 nm) and inactive Pr (λmax = 660 nm) forms in a red/far-red-dependent fashion and regulates, as molecular switch, many aspects of light-dependent development in Arabidopsis thaliana. phyB signaling is launched by the biologically active Pfr conformer and mediated by specific protein-protein interactions between phyB Pfr and its downstream regulatory partners, whereas conversion of Pfr to Pr terminates signaling. Here, we provide evidence that phyB is phosphorylated in planta at Ser-86 located in the N-terminal domain of the photoreceptor. Analysis of phyB-9 transgenic plants expressing phospho-mimic and nonphosphorylatable phyB-yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) fusions demonstrated that phosphorylation of Ser-86 negatively regulates all physiological responses tested. The Ser86Asp and Ser86Ala substitutions do not affect stability, photoconversion, and spectral properties of the photoreceptor, but light-independent relaxation of the phyB(Ser86Asp) Pfr into Pr, also termed dark reversion, is strongly enhanced both in vivo and in vitro. Faster dark reversion attenuates red light-induced nuclear import and interaction of phyB(Ser86Asp)-YFP Pfr with the negative regulator PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR3 compared with phyB-green fluorescent protein. These data suggest that accelerated inactivation of the photoreceptor phyB via phosphorylation of Ser-86 represents a new paradigm for modulating phytochrome-controlled signaling.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Arabidopsis / physiology*
  • Arabidopsis Proteins / genetics
  • Arabidopsis Proteins / metabolism*
  • Bacterial Proteins / genetics
  • Bacterial Proteins / metabolism
  • Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors / genetics
  • Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors / metabolism
  • Darkness
  • Light
  • Luminescent Proteins / genetics
  • Luminescent Proteins / metabolism
  • Phosphorylation
  • Phytochrome B / genetics
  • Phytochrome B / metabolism*
  • Plants, Genetically Modified / metabolism
  • Protein Stability
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary
  • Seedlings / genetics
  • Seedlings / growth & development
  • Serine / metabolism
  • Signal Transduction*
  • Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization

Substances

  • Arabidopsis Proteins
  • Bacterial Proteins
  • Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors
  • Luminescent Proteins
  • PHYB protein, Arabidopsis
  • PIF3 protein, Arabidopsis
  • yellow fluorescent protein, Bacteria
  • Phytochrome B
  • Serine