Purpose: Interferon beta is commonly used as therapeutic in the first line of therapy for multiple sclerosis. However, depending on the product, it induces an antibody response in up to 60% of patients. This study evaluated the impact of therapy related factors like dose, route of administration and administration frequency on the immunogenicity of one of the originator interferon beta drugs (Betaferon®) in an immune tolerant transgenic mouse model.
Methods: Immune tolerant transgenic mice received injections with Betaferon® via different routes, doses and injection frequencies. Anti-drug antibody (ADA) production was measured by ELISA to assess immunogenicity.
Results: A single injection of Betaferon® was found to be sufficient for the induction of ADAs. The antibody titer was enhanced with increasing dose and treatment frequency. Among the tested administration routes, the intravenous route was the most immunogenic one, which is in contradiction with one of the dogma in immunogenicity research according to which subcutaneous administration is the most immunogenic route. Intramuscular, intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injections resulted in comparable immunogenicity.
Conclusion: This study shows that treatment related factors affect significantly immunogenicity of Betaseron® and therefore substantiate the need for further studies on these factors in patients.