The signalling factor PI3K is a specific regulator of the clathrin-independent dynamin-dependent endocytosis of IL-2 receptors

J Cell Sci. 2013 Mar 1;126(Pt 5):1099-108. doi: 10.1242/jcs.110932. Epub 2013 Jan 23.

Abstract

Receptor-mediated endocytosis is an essential process used by eukaryotic cells to internalise many molecules. Several clathrin-independent endocytic routes exist, but the molecular mechanism of each pathway remains to be uncovered. The present study focuses on a clathrin-independent dynamin-dependent pathway used by interleukin 2 receptors (IL-2R), essential players of the immune response. Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate (Rac1) and its targets, the p21-activated kinases (Pak), are specific regulators of this pathway, acting on cortactin and actin polymerization. The present study reveals a dual and specific role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) in IL-2R endocytosis. Inhibition of the catalytic activity of PI3K strongly affects IL-2R endocytosis, in contrast to transferrin (Tf) uptake, a marker of the clathrin-mediated pathway. Moreover, Vav2, a GTPase exchange factor (GEF) induced upon PI3K activation, is specifically involved in IL-2R entry. The second action of PI3K is through its regulatory subunit, p85α, which binds to and recruits Rac1 during IL-2R internalisation. Indeed, the overexpression of a p85α mutant missing the Rac1 binding motif leads to the specific inhibition of IL-2R endocytosis. The inhibitory effect of this p85α mutant could be rescued by the overexpression of either Rac1 or the active form of Pak, indicating that p85α acts upstream of the Rac1-Pak cascade. Finally, biochemical and fluorescent microscopy techniques reveal an interaction between p85α, Rac1 and IL-2R that is enhanced by IL-2. In summary, our results indicate a key role of class I PI3K in IL-2R endocytosis that creates a link with IL-2 signalling.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Blotting, Western
  • Cell Line
  • Clathrin / metabolism*
  • Cytokines / metabolism
  • Dynamins / metabolism*
  • Endocytosis / genetics
  • Endocytosis / physiology*
  • Fluorescent Antibody Technique
  • Humans
  • Immunoprecipitation
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / metabolism*
  • Receptors, Interleukin-2 / metabolism*
  • Signal Transduction

Substances

  • Clathrin
  • Cytokines
  • Receptors, Interleukin-2
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
  • Dynamins