The social historians of ends of the 20th century placed in the center of his worries new topics and approaches, between them, the problems linked with the social question called. It is defined as the set of social problems arisen as consequence of the industrialization, the urbanization, the immigration between those who were the conflicts of the work, the poverty, the marginality, the disease, that they returned the protagonism of subjects forgotten as the patients, the madmen, the delinquents between others. The diseases in the society, raise a new historical object of reflection that provides a window to the social reality. To analyze the trilogy disease - health- service of an integrated way is to know an aspect that explains the social problematics. The response to the social problems came from the civil society and from the State, arising institutions of social assistance that were acting in a combined way. The present article approaches the topic of the disease- health- service and the response to this problematics for the State during the period 1900-1940 in Córdoba, seeking to reconstruct how the disease allows us to show the conditions of material and cultural life where they emerged and the social process of constitution of the Social State and the social citizenship, from the continuities, changes and transformations that were demonstrating in the sanitary field.